Blood sugar
HbA1c reflects average blood sugar over the last 2-3 months. Learn how normal, prediabetes, and diabetes ranges are usually interpreted.
Educational guide only — not medical advice. Always review results with a qualified clinician.
HbA1c estimates your average blood sugar over the last 2-3 months and is widely used for diabetes screening and follow-up. In many guidelines, below 5.7% is considered normal, 5.7-6.4% falls in the prediabetes range, and 6.5% or above may support a diagnosis of diabetes when confirmed appropriately. Results may also be reported in mmol/mol.
HbA1c does not make a diagnosis on its own. Your doctor may compare it with fasting glucose, symptoms, repeat testing, or other markers to understand the full picture. If you are trying to understand earlier metabolic changes, our HOMA-IR guide can also help.
If glucose was part of a CMP or BMP, see our metabolic panel guide for how clinicians place one blood sugar value into wider chemistry context.
Certain conditions such as anemia, hemoglobin variants, kidney disease, or recent blood loss can affect HbA1c interpretation, which is another reason to review the result with a clinician.
For information only. Related guides: Fasting glucose · HOMA-IR · metabolic panel · Analyze
Trust & review
This article is educational and should be reviewed alongside our medical review, methodology, and transparency pages. Use it to prepare for a clinician conversation, not as a diagnosis.
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